The Culture of Sudan is expressed in the numerous manifestations of behaviour, beliefs and expressions of people in Sudan, both in history as well as in present times. Part of these expressions of culture are the intangible cultural manifestations, such as belief systems about the physical or social environment, as well as about religion, history or imaginary worlds that are expressed through education, oral storytelling, songs or poetry. ... but are more difficult to record and study than the country's material cultural heritage.
In the literature on the rise of modern Sudan, there is a dominance of political analysis and a comparative absence of social and cultural history. Topics such as popular culture, music, dance and clothing have received scant attention from historians. These subjects have mostly been left to anthropologist and others whose research has been in rural areas. Yet such activities are central to the emergence of a common popular culture in the urban centres of the country. This is a culture that springs from the lives of marginal groups, of manual workers, peasants, slaves and women, and from the merging of a great diversity of indigenous and external influences.
Languages and the use of language
editGeographic meaning of Sudan
editHistory
editArchaeology
editLanguages and use of language
editGreetings, set formulas, Sudanese form of Modern Arabic, English, languages of refugees, e.g. from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Chad
Social structure
editEthnic groups, age groups, gender, power structures, in group behaviour, relation towards strangers or foreigners, perceptions of identity
Education,
editCode of conduct, politeness, social importance of age groups, body language
Gender specific cultural attitudes and expressions
Religious culture
editAfrican religious practices, Christianity, Islam, religious schools, festivals, Sufi brotherhoods
Social spaces for cultural encounters
editDuring and following the Sudanese revolution of 2018/19, the country has been going through a period of transformation.
"During the revolution, neighbourhoods were strengthened with a renewed sense of organized work and collaborative action, consolidating networks of trust to build certain areas as safe spaces for people in tumultuous times. Art was at the heart of the revolution in Sudan between 2018-2019, with pop up events, mass concerts, poetry, music, graffiti and multidisciplinary performances taking over neighbourhoods along with the Qiyada sit-ins that popped up across different states between April and June 2019."
Oral and written literature
editPerforming arts
editThe rich and varied music of Sudan is made up of traditional, rural East African roots, as well as of Arabic, Western or other African influences on the popular urban music from the early 20th century onwards.
Dance
Theatre National Theatre in Omdurman
Visual arts
editSymbols
editPainting, Graphic art, Sculpture
editSharjah Art Foundation Showcases Sudanese Art Exhibitions, Nov 28 2016
Amir Nour, PhD, is an artist, professor and scholar whose work appears internationally in museums, books, journals and magazines; with several pieces as part of the permanent collection of the National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Education
PH.D., University of St. Andrews, Scotland, (African Art History)
MFA and BFA, School of Art & Architecture, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, (Sculpture and Lithography)
One-Year Postgraduate, Royal College of Art, London, U.K. (Sculpture)
Diploma in Fine Arts, The Slade School of Fine Art, University of London, U.K.
Diploma in Fine & Applied Arts, School of Fine & Applied Art, Khartoum, Sudan
Traditional visual art
editPopular art forms
editjewellery, pottery, leatherwork, wookwork
body art like henna, scarifications, hairstyles,
editContemporary fine art
editContemporary popular art
editArchitecture
edittraditional architecture modern architecture Domestic architecture
editMonuments
Food and cuisine
editFood porridge called asida or a kind of flat bread called kisra Agashe Beverages Karkadeh, Jabana,
late breakfast, including ful, salad, bread
Celebrations and holidays
editReligious holidays
editIslamic holidays
editChristian holidays
editFolk celebrations
editFestivals
editFashion
editTailoring and weaving
editCraftsmanship and professional skills
editAgriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, gardening and landscaping
editMedia
editPublishing and reading culture
Radio, TV
editCinema
editThe cinema of Sudan began with cinematography by the British colonial presence in the early 20th century. After independence in 1956, a vigorous documentary film tradition was established, but financial pressures and discouragement by the Islamist government led to the decline of cinema from the 1990s onwards. Since the 2010s, several initiatives have shown an encouraging revival of filmmaking and public interest in film shows in Sudan.
Photography
editPhotography of Sudan refers to both historical as well as to modern and contemporary photographs taken in the Sudan, with some of the oldest photographs from the 1880s during the Anglo-Egyptian rule (Turkiyya). As in other countries, the growing importance of photography for mass media like newspapers, as well as for amateur photographers led to a wider photographic documentation and use of photographs in Sudan during the 20th century and beyond. In the 21st century, photography in Sudan has undergone important changes, mainly due to digital photography and distribution through social media and the Internet.
Use of the Internet and digital culture
editSports and recreation
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Sikainga, Ahmad, A Short History of Sudanese Popular Music In: Ryle, John et al. (eds.) (2011): The Sudan Handbook. James Currey, Boydell & Brewer and the Rift Valley Institute, p. 243-253. ISBN 978-1847010308
- ^ Shawkat, Omnia. "Sudan: Art blooms in uncertainty". archiveofforgetfulness.com (in English and Arabic). Retrieved 2021-08-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Kheir, Ala; Burns, John; Algrefwi, Ibrahim (2016-02-05). "The psychedelic world of Sudan's Sufis – in pictures". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ Brown, Marie Grace (November 2014). "Fashioning their Place: Dress and Global Imagination in Imperial Sudan: Dress and Global Imagination in Imperial Sudan". Gender & History. 26 (3): 502–518. doi:10.1111/1468-0424.12086.
- ^ Press, Stanford University. "Start reading Khartoum at Night | Marie Grace Brown". www.sup.org. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
Bibliography
edit- Cabon, Olivier, Vincent Francigny, Bernard François, Marc Maillot, Mohamed Ibrahim Musa, Odile Nicoloso, Claude Rilly, Olivier Rolin. (2017) Histoire et civilisations du Soudan: De la Préhistoire à nos jours Paris: Soleb ; Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule: Bleu autour, 955 pp. ISBN 978-2-918157-24-3
- Daum, Werner and Rashid Diab, Modern Art in Sudan, In Hopkins, Peter G. (ed.) (2009) Kenana Handbook of Sudan. New York: Routledge, pp. 453-516. ISBN 0-7103-1160-5
Further reading
editExternal links
editSudan: Cultural life, Encyclopaedia Britannica
Sudan in Google Arts & Culture
Sudan - cultural information from a Canadian perspective
https://study.com/academy/lesson/sudanese-culture-lesson-for-kids.html#lesson